Balancing Power and Authority: An Essential Leadership Skill
Rich Baron • September 4, 2023
“You don’t lead by hitting people over the head – that’s assault, not leadership.” – Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Power and authority are often used interchangeably, but there are significant differences between the two. Power refers to the ability to influence others and make them do something they may not necessarily want to do. It can be derived from a position of authority, expertise, or personal qualities such as charisma or persuasive skills. Power can be a coercive force, where leaders use fear or punishment to gain compliance, or it can be an empowering force, where leaders inspire and motivate others toward a common goal.
Authority, on the other hand, refers to the legitimate right to exercise power in a formal or official capacity. It is typically bestowed upon leaders through their positions within an organization or society. Authority comes from the recognition and acceptance of one's role and responsibilities, and it carries with it a sense of legitimacy and respect. Unlike power, authority is often derived from a set of rules, laws, or traditional practices that define the scope of a leader's jurisdiction.
Intelligent leaders understand the delicate balance between power and authority and how they both contribute to effective leadership. They recognize that relying solely on power without the rightful authority can lead to resentment and resistance from followers. On the other hand, leaders who have authority but don't effectively use their power may struggle to influence and guide others toward achieving organizational goals. They understand that power can be a valuable tool when used responsibly and ethically, but it should be tempered with the understanding that it is not the only source of influence.
Intelligent leaders also appreciate the dynamic relationship between power and authority. They understand that authority alone is not sufficient to drive change and lead effectively. They recognize that power can help them overcome obstacles, navigate conflicts, and achieve results. However, they also understand the risks associated with abusing power and the potential negative consequences it can have on their relationships with followers and the overall organizational climate.
Moreover, intelligent leaders recognize that power and authority are not fixed or static. They understand that power can be earned or lost based on their actions and behavior. Likewise, authority can be eroded if it is not exercised responsibly or if it is perceived as illegitimate. Intelligent leaders continuously strive to build and maintain their power and authority by demonstrating competence, integrity, and fairness in their decision-making and actions.
Though seemingly antithetic, power and authority are symbiotic.
Power-based Leadership
Power is the ability to coerce others to do the leader’s will, often against their own will, or better judgment. Leaders who resort to this type of approach can exercise power on account of their perceived or real might.
“It is better to be feared than loved,”
said Niccolo Machiavelli. Although, he also added: “If you cannot be both.”
The problem with leadership based on the wielding of power and fear is that it alienates followers. The leader soon finds him/herself without anyone to lead.
That said, power does have its place in intelligent leadership. Sometimes, using power is the right thing to do. One would presumably not hesitate to use power to pull a child from the path of oncoming traffic. Likewise, an intelligent leader will not hesitate to fire an employee whose behavior justifies such a harsh measure.
Formal and Informal Authority
To some degree, power and authority are symbiotic in the context of intelligent leadership. One draws from the other and vice-versa. While power is straightforward, authority is quite a bit more intricate and subtle.
True authority influences people. It makes them want to do as their leader wishes.
- Formal authority is the type of authority that leaders automatically receive as a direct consequence of their title/position. As such, one does not have to earn formal authority.
Formal authority lends itself well to a leadership style that relies on power. It also has its limitations, often undermined by the informal relationships that exist within every organization.
- Informal authority is the authority a leader earns through building relationships, credibility, trust, and rapport. A leader with strong informal authority is a good listener and has a high level of emotional intelligence.
Such a leader can influence reports as well as senior executives if needed. This type of leader has mastered the power/authority dynamic.
The Attributes of Authority
The intelligent exercising of authority and power requires a few essential leadership skills.
True authority inspires through courage instead of compelling through fear.
- Decisiveness is the ability to “make things happen”. Leaders often face tough decisions that bear no dithering.
- Persuasiveness is one of the leadership skills that allow leaders to cooperate and collaborate with others. Abusers of power usually lack this skill.
- Reliability. An influential leader needs to do as he/she says he/she will. A lack of reliability often translates as a lack of sincerity or worse: cluelessness.
- Courage is an attribute one would assume is impossible to develop. Leadership training has long cracked the code of courage, however. Its key resides in strong convictions, honesty, and alignment with organizational goals and culture.
- Inspiration. True authority is inspirational. A leader possessing this type of authority will make employees feel like they are part of something greater. Such employees see themselves as builders of cathedrals, even if they shovel gravel at the construction site.
Wrapping Up
Intelligent leaders comprehend the distinctions between power and authority and the interplay between the two. They recognize that power and authority are essential channels for exercising leadership but understand that they must be used judiciously and in a way that aligns with ethical principles. By navigating the complexities of power and authority, intelligent leaders can create a positive and influential leadership style that fosters trust, collaboration, and success. Leadership training is about teaching leaders how to balance power and authority. Mastering this balancing act is an essential leadership skill indeed.
About the Author
Rich Baron holds the esteemed title of Master Certified Intelligent Leadership Executive Coach at John Mattone Global. With a wealth of expertise spanning over 25 years, he has excelled in various realms such as cultural transformation, operational leadership, executive positions, and coaching individuals from emerging leaders to CEOs. Rich co-hosts "Mainline Executive Coaching ACT," a podcast acknowledged by FeedSpot in 2023, and again in 2024 as the foremost Executive Coaching Podcast worldwide. This recognition is based on an evaluation of numerous podcasts on the internet, taking into account factors such as web traffic, social media followers, and timeliness. The podcast enjoys a substantial following in more than 60 countries and 550 cities across the globe.
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If the years since the pandemic are any indication of what we can expect in this ever-changing business world, leadership needs to be stronger than ever. With rapid changes in business worldwide, the leadership skills we need are changing. Strong, versatile leaders are needed to face the challenges we will inevitably see - leaders who can adapt, strategize, and motivate their teams through complex situations. However, studies show that organizations and leaders alike are far from prepared to combat these challenges. What Do The Studies Show According to the Bersin by Deloitte report High-Impact Leadership Development , organizations with stronger “leadership maturity” are 11 times more likely to have a high number of leaders who can build talent for competitive advantage. And they’re 7 times more likely to have a high number of leaders who can inspire people to follow them. Unfortunately, the report also found that capable leadership talent is very rare. Only 60% of leaders in organizations show commercial acumen and business judgment; 48% are seen as driving change and innovation; and only 44% build talent for competitive advantage. Regarding rare leadership talent, in a study conducted by Kaiser Leadership Solutions , using a 360-degree instrument called the Leadership Versatility Index, they assessed over 24,000 senior managers from a variety of industries around the world. The results showed that less than 10% of the leaders in this study had the versatility and timing to be effective leaders. That means that more than 21,000 of the leaders studied do not have the versatility and timing to be truly effective in reading and responding to change with a wide repertoire of complementary skills and behaviors. Despite the studies that show that leadership skills and development are lacking, there has been a disturbing trend in organizations cutting L&D budgets and individual leaders putting the brakes on their own development. Or worse yet, ignoring the importance of leadership development altogether. A Short-Sighted Approach This lack of investment in leadership development is a short-sighted approach that ultimately hurts both the individual leaders and the organization. Effective leadership is crucial for the success of any organization, as leaders set the tone for the rest of the team and drive the company toward its goals. Additionally, in today's rapidly changing business landscape, it is more important than ever for leaders to be adaptable, agile, and able to navigate uncertainty and change. Investing in leadership development is key to ensuring that leaders have the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in this environment. Organizations must prioritize leadership development and allocate the necessary resources to support the growth and success of their leaders. By investing in leadership development, organizations can create a culture of continuous learning and improvement, drive innovation and growth, and ultimately, achieve sustainable success in the long run. Without ongoing development and training, leaders can stagnate in their skills and become less effective in their roles. This can lead to decreased employee engagement, lower productivity, and ultimately, a negative impact on the bottom line. Hitting the Pause Button Simply put, businesses and leaders are falling behind in preparing for the upcoming business challenges they will certainly face. This fact was shown in another leadership development survey of almost 18,000 human resource professionals and business leaders from around the world. The findings showed that 83% believe it is critical to the success of their organizations to develop leaders at all levels. Despite this, less than 5% of businesses have integrated leadership development at all levels. According to the Global Leadership Forecast 2021, “fewer than half of leaders feel they are effective in leadership skills that will be most critical for future success. This means that strong, versatile leaders are not being developed and prepared for future business challenges. As an executive coach, the most disturbing trend that I have seen in organizations, and individual leaders alike, is pumping the brakes on leadership development. Many of the excuses I have heard are that the L&D budget was cut, or we plan on revisiting leadership training next year, or my personal favorites, we are too busy to focus on that right now. With all the issues in poor employee retention, lack of leadership pipelines, poor talent selection, toxic bosses, and failing organizational culture (which is a direct result of poor leadership), it is no wonder you don't have the time. More than likely your time is now being spent chasing the tiger by the tail, putting out fires, and trying to keep your head above water. So, a quick question, do you think your excuses will help solve the problems? Or perhaps employing the age-old wisdom that if we just ignore it, it will go away. The trend of cutting L&D budgets has been a concern of employees globally. In February 2023, we featured an episode on our podcast, Mainline Executive Coaching ACT, entitled, "Dear Employees, Your Budget Has Been Cut." It has been downloaded and listened to in over 90 countries and 1000 cities worldwide, and is still one of our top downloaded episodes with continued daily downloads to this date. This goes to show that this is not just a concern for organizations in the United States, but globally as well. Quite frankly, this is an urgent situation that needs to change. Versatility Will Be The Key The need for leadership development is greater than ever. Over the past three years, business dynamics have shifted so dramatically, that the moment to maximize the benefits of strong and equipped leaders is now. Versatility in leadership skills is the master capability for leading in a VUCA world — that is, one characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Versatility is, "the ability to read and respond to change with a wide repertoire of complementary skills and behaviors." For instance, some circumstances call for leaders to take charge, force difficult issues, and make tough decisions, while others require leaders to enable, support, and include people. Similarly, organizations sometimes need leaders to focus on their future strategic direction and at other times to focus on day-to-day operations and execution. Versatile leaders can seamlessly move between opposing behaviors. They can step up and make a call just as easily as they can bring people together to make group decisions. They can read the room and adjust their behavior accordingly, from asking questions and listening with an open mind to driving the team to achieve success. They can also envision change in big-picture terms and focus on the tactical details of implementing change. Versatile leaders can read the business, from playing out the chessboard five moves ahead to making the next move swiftly and with precision. Focusing on the Future It is time to stop pausing or ignoring leadership development altogether, or worse, simply putting someone in a leadership role because they are strong individual contributors in their jobs. The ripple effects of poor leadership have resulted in skyrocketing turnover rates, poor customer retention, disengaged employees, and high costs associated with replacing the employees who left. To be successful and competitive in the future, developing versatile, strong leaders is imperative. Organizations that value leadership development with a focus on building a strong leadership pipeline full of well-trained, versatile leaders will inevitably see greater innovation, stronger financial performance, highly engaged employees, and strong employee retention. Going forward, organizations and individuals alike need to engage or reengage in leadership development. However, do not make the mistake of bringing back leadership training that the company invested in 10 years ago. Or worse yet, relying on someone in the organization who participated in those programs in the past to take on the task of leadership development today. The days of marathon seminars focused on a particular leadership skill are in the past. Quite frankly, they did not work then, and certainly will not work now. A Training Evolution Leadership training has evolved, and executive coaching is the sturdy bridge that connects individual leadership effectiveness with outstanding organizational performance . It can help organizations attract and retain exceptional leaders and help executive teams to improve their performance. In addition, online coaching platforms that feature ongoing, bite-sized, dynamic, and hybrid training sessions with accompanying implementation tools coupled with one-on-one coaching have proved to be very effective. Intelligent Leadership Online Academy (ILOA) which was created during the pandemic by the world's top executive coach, John Mattone is one such platform that is trusted and respected by the top executives and technologists at some of the world's top companies. Wrapping Up Today's leaders need more proficiency than ever before. No one knows what our disruptive world will throw at leaders next. However, if the past three years are any indication of what lies ahead, organizations and individuals must be prepared to face those challenges. Those organizations with strong, versatile leaders who possess a wide and balanced repertoire of complementary competencies, skills, and behaviors, combined with the wisdom to know which one to use in a given situation, are likely to be most effective at leading their people, teams, and organizations through the turbulence. And we know that this meta-competency — versatility — can be learned, coached, and developed. Reach out to me here to find out more about executive coaching, and ILOA. Or schedule time with me here for a discussion on how your future and the future of your organization can look. About the Author Rich Baron serves as the Chief Operating Officer and Director of the Global Coaching Project at John Mattone Global, where he also holds the title of Master Certified Intelligent Leadership Executive Coach. With over 30 years of rich experience in cultural transformation, operational leadership, executive roles, and coaching leaders at every level—from emerging talents to seasoned CEOs—Rich has a demonstrated track record of success. Rich co-hosts "Mainline Executive Coaching ACT," a podcast that is recognized by Feedspot as the leading Executive Coaching Podcast worldwide. The podcast's acclaim is based on an evaluation of numerous factors, including web traffic, social media followers, and timeliness.
Since the official recognition of Mount Everest as the world's tallest peak, it has become a significant fascination for mountaineers. For many decades, there has been ongoing debate regarding the possibility of successfully reaching its summit. The earliest documented evidence of a climber considering the feasibility of scaling Everest dates back to 1885. It wasn't until 1924 that the first real attempt at the summit was made on the 29,032-foot tall mountain that mountaineers around the globe realized that it might be possible to stand at the top of the world. There were several attempts after this time but it wasn't until 1953 when Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary finally stood on the summit that the world realized that Everest had finally been conquered. I had the privilege in my early twenties to meet Dick Bass who was the founder and owner of Snowbird Ski Resort in Utah, and the oldest person, at that time, to reach the summit of Mount Everest at age 55. I was in awe to be talking with not only the owner of one of my favorite ski resorts but someone who had stood where only the bravest and most skilled climbers in the world could lay claim. Fast forward to recent years and Mount Everest has been transformed into a tourist destination, where long queues at the summit surpass even those at Disneyworld. With sufficient funds to hire a guide and a moderate level of climbing experience, anyone can now aspire to reach an altitude comparable to that of a cruising 747 Jumbo Jet. The ability to be recognized as one of the elite climbers in the world has been reduced to the limit of your patience to stand in long lines and the depths of your wallet. However, do not be fooled by the lure of adventure that Mt. Everest holds, it is not for the faint of heart or the unprepared. The Death Zone Tragically, the number of fatalities in the pursuit of conquering the world's highest peak has surpassed 300, with the remains of over 200 climbers still resting on the mountain. Each of these individuals was once driven by a strong desire to stand atop the world. Climbers understand a fundamental rule: reaching the summit is merely the initial half of the journey, and true congratulations are only warranted upon safely returning to base camp. However, the harsh reality is that the majority of deaths occur during the descent after the climbers have successfully reached the summit. This sobering fact underscores the immense challenges and risks involved in this perilous endeavor. Why is this the case? The climbers have a strong desire to reach the highest point on Earth and they devote a significant amount of money and time to their endeavor. They spend up to two months on the mountain, moving between camps and adjusting to the high altitude. However, the time frame for climbing is limited, so time management becomes crucial. Once they reach the death zone, which is above 8,000 meters (26,000 ft), they cannot stay for long due to the harsh conditions. When they are only a few hours away from reaching the summit, many push themselves beyond their physical and mental limits to achieve their goal of standing at the top, even if it's just for a brief moment. Unfortunately, this is where many climbers encounter serious problems. Once the climbers find themselves deep within the death zone, their ability to concentrate on safely descending becomes increasingly difficult. The lack of oxygen impairs their balance and cognitive function, while frostbite can lead to a loss of coordination. This makes it challenging to distinguish between altitude sickness, cold-related injuries, and sheer exhaustion. Unfortunately, any of these conditions can leave a climber stranded, resulting in death from exposure. In these situations, not only is the individual at risk, but their team is also put in danger. Given the extreme nature of climbing at such altitudes, climbers may be forced to make the heart-wrenching decision to leave a fellow climber behind. This is a decision that professional climbers understand and are prepared to make, even though it comes with great emotional turmoil. The presence of long queues at the summit has intensified the very real possibility of never making it out of the death zone. In 2019, a highly experienced climber from Utah finally fulfilled his 40-year ambition of reaching the summit of Mt. Everest. This individual, much like Dick Bass before him, had previously conquered numerous other towering peaks around the world. Upon reaching the summit, he contacted his wife to share the exciting news. Tragically, moments later, he suffered a heart attack and collapsed. Despite the efforts of his guides to bring him down the mountain, the long queues of approximately 300 climbers still striving to reach the summit hindered their progress. Regrettably, his guides were compelled to leave him behind as his final resting spot lies just off the trail near the top of the summit. This incident serves as a poignant reminder that even individuals with extensive experience and a strong support system can encounter unforeseen challenges. It is a stark example of how devastating the consequences can be, especially for those who are ill-prepared, lack adequate support, or choose to disregard their readiness and attempt to reach the summit hastily and prematurely. It underscores the importance of thorough preparation, recognizing one's limitations, and respecting the risks involved to ensure safety during such arduous undertakings. Applying this to Leadership How does this relate to leadership? When we neglect to invest time and effort in developing and refining our skills, planning, preparing for the future, and executing tasks, the consequences can be severe. As an executive coach, I often observe the same pattern among individuals who attempt to expedite their leadership aspirations at an unreasonable pace. In today's society, there is a prevalent desire for instant job satisfaction, a rapid path to achieving prestigious titles, wealth, and the corner office. We have been deceived into believing that attaining a high-ranking position automatically grants us recognition, power (although it should be noted as presumed), and the accompanying benefits that we erroneously associate with it. This cycle often leads individuals to be oblivious to the reality of their situation. Consequently, they experience burnout, stress, underperformance, high turnover rates within their team, and ultimately, a mediocre career. Nonetheless, this could have been prevented by dedicating time to honing leadership skills, being patient with the learning process, and properly planning for the future. By doing so, leaders can ensure long-term effectiveness in their careers. Promoting too early Organizations can unintentionally contribute to the failure of emerging leaders by prematurely promoting individuals who excel in individual contributor roles into leadership positions. It is essential to thoroughly prepare someone before placing them in a leadership role to avoid potential difficulties. If there are indications that a person may not yet be ready for leadership, there are ways to address these concerns. These include offering educational opportunities, providing mentors, and giving them access to additional resources. It is also crucial to have strategies in place to minimize any negative impacts and ensure the success of both current and future leaders. It is crucial to recognize that not everyone possesses the necessary qualities for a leadership position. Employing effective programs like the Intelligent Leadership Online Academy (ILOA) can help identify employees with the potential and ambition to become leaders. Simply assuming that someone who excels in their current role will automatically excel as a leader is irresponsible and lacks foresight. How to ensure readiness for leadership roles Many aspiring leaders, and organizations alike, often wonder how to properly prepare for the challenges they will face in leadership positions. Here are some ways to effectively prepare for the challenges that leaders will surely face: Work with an Executive Coach. Executive Coaches are necessary because leaders are necessary. Continually focus on learning and personal development of leadership talents. Developing strong communication and interpersonal skills are examples of crucial skills needed for effective leadership. Actively engage in leadership training programs, workshops, and seminars that focus on the areas where you need the most development. Improve your knowledge base by reading books and articles on leadership topics. Actively seek mentorship from seasoned leaders. Join professional networking groups that can provide valuable insights and connections with experienced leaders. Maintain a positive attitude, learn from mistakes, be open to feedback, and step outside of your comfort zone. By actively working on self-improvement and taking proactive steps to develop necessary skills, aspiring leaders can set themselves up for success in any leadership position. Wrapping up Leaders, much like individuals climbing Mount Everest, can sometimes be caught off guard by the demands of their role until they are fully immersed in it. The responsibilities and pressures placed on leaders are immense, often expecting immediate performance. These are skills that are not always taught in educational or professional settings, and they require a personalized approach that an executive coach can provide. Failing to prepare for the expectations of leadership can be a major reason why many individuals struggle in such positions, similar to climbers who face disappointment after getting close to the summit. I hope this discussion has underscored the importance of readiness for a leadership role. In addition, organizations must recognize the need for investment in their leaders to fully unlock their potential and set them up for success in their careers. I hold exceptional, disciplined leaders in high regard, much like those courageous adventurers who were well-prepared and understood the risks associated with reaching the pinnacle of the world. About the Author Rich Baron serves as the Chief Operating Officer and Director of the Global Coaching Project at John Mattone Global, where he also holds the title of Master Certified Intelligent Leadership Executive Coach. With over 30 years of rich experience in cultural transformation, operational leadership, executive roles, and coaching leaders at every level—from emerging talents to seasoned CEOs—Rich has a demonstrated track record of success. Rich co-hosts "Mainline Executive Coaching ACT," a podcast that is recognized by Feedspot as the leading Executive Coaching Podcast worldwide. The podcast's acclaim is based on an evaluation of numerous factors, including web traffic, social media followers, and timeliness. It boasts an impressive following in more than 80 countries and over 830 cities globally.
